Frozen shoulder primarily affects adults between the ages of 40 and 65, with women having a higher prevalence. It occurs when the tissue around the shoulder joint capsule becomes inflamed, which can lead to thickening and tightening.
The restriction in movement is often what becomes painful for the person. Shoulder external rotation is one of the most commonly limited and painful motions.
Quick takeaway: Frozen shoulder usually moves through stages. Pain, stiffness, and loss of motion can change over time, so care should match the current stage and symptoms.
The Three Stages of Frozen Shoulder
The first stage is the freezing stage, which can last around 2 to 9 months. Pain progressively worsens and is often deep with movement. Pain commonly occurs at end-range motions, especially shoulder external rotation.
The next stage is the frozen stage, which can last around 4 to 12 months. In this stage, shoulder restriction and stiffness persist, but pain intensity may be reduced.
The last stage is the thawing stage, which can last from 5 to 24 months. During this stage, motion and pain gradually improve. Strength may start to return, but often at a slow pace.
How Long Can It Last?
Overall, frozen shoulder can take 1 to 4 years to resolve depending on multiple variables. Conservative care may help reduce overall progression of inflammation, keep the shoulder mobile, and minimize pain while it moves through the process.
Conservative Care Options
Non-invasive therapies that may be beneficial for reducing pain and improving function include manual therapy such as Active Release Technique, joint manipulation, physical therapy, extracorporeal radial shockwave therapy, and dry needling.
Frozen Shoulder FAQ
What movement is commonly limited with frozen shoulder?
Shoulder external rotation is commonly limited and painful, especially near end-range motion.
How long can frozen shoulder take to resolve?
Frozen shoulder can take 1 to 4 years to resolve depending on multiple individual factors.
Sources
- Achilova F, Daher M, Nassar JE, Daniels AH, Abboud JA. Frozen shoulder: Diagnosis and treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Am J Med. 2026.
- Lin P, Yang M, Huang D, Lin H, Wang J, Zhong C, Guan L. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on the treatment of frozen shoulder. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022.
- Clewley D, Flynn TW, Koppenhaver S. Trigger point dry needling as an adjunct treatment for adhesive capsulitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014.
- Pandey V, Madi S. Clinical Guidelines in the Management of Frozen Shoulder: An Update. Indian J Orthop. 2021.